A

Assembly (assembled): The procedure by which sheets of paper are put one over the other, in the order of the number of sheet.

B

Back: Page on the left hand of an open book.

Bagging: input method in bags of printed materials (magazines, newspapers, books).

Bale of paper: Waste paper is presented as a package bound.

Band for elimination: parallel belts or conveyor on which fall printed sheets that are transported outside the printing machine.

Big (creasing): sign drawn on cardboard by pressing to facilitate subsequent folding after that line.

Binding: the gathering of printed sheets through stitching (sewing) with wire, thread, adhesive or other methods to form a book.

Binding cardboard (cardboard): binding cardboard with grey faces realized of recycled fibers.Used for book covers, bookbinding, boxes, albums, journals, games. Suitable for the following operations post printing: circular cutting, stamping, punching, folding, notching, creasing, drilling and milling.

Block Book: The inside of a book composed of printed sheets placed in the order of the number of the sheet.

Bon: newspaper package linked and labeled, usually containing 200 to 500 copies.

Bookmark: object made of cardboard or cloth, rectangular or as cunning, used in marking a page from a book.

Bound book: Assembling the sheets of printing to a book through sewing and then applying the flyleaf, the capitalband, bookmark and cardboard cover.

Box: Part of machine stitching (binder) or of an automatic gathering and stapling machine. In this place are introduced the sheets with the same number that will be assembled with the other sheets of the other boxes to be bounded (paperback) with glue or staples.

Brightness: the minimum degree of color of paper or paperboard. The technical term for brightness is luminance or Y value.

Broaching: technique through which is realized the connection of the book block or the inside of a cover magazine, using fast-drying glue heated to high temperatures. There are used two types of glue:  spine glue (flexible) and adhesive side (hard).

Broadsheet: generic name of British origin used to define a large newspaper (A2).

BT (imprimatur): 1. Consent given by the client or the quality responsible of the typography on the printed product quality, 2. a draft copy of meeting all quality standards required.

C

Calibrated paper: Paper that has been smoothed and loom between rollers of a caliber, more or less glossy (shiny or matte calibrated). The effect that occurs in caliber is the combined result of temperature and pressure.

Capitalband: Braids colored, with a thickened edge, which strengthens the spine of a book or a register.

Carbonless paper: Paper that allows multiple copies without intermediate layers of carbon paper. The paper transforms the pressure in a colored reaction that transfers the image on a copy. Carbonless papers are mainly used for invoices, receipts, vouchers, orders, etc.

Cardboard: General term for consistent paper, often multilayered, with weights ranging between 115 and 500 grams / square meter in some cases even higher, is often used for graphics, printing and packaging.

Cardboard chromo coated (GC): Cartons containing between the chemical pulp layers, intermediate layers of mechanical pulp. The covering layer of mechanical pulp is whitened and pigmented. Primary fiber coated cardboard (cardboard chromo coated), with white face, without wood fiber with intermediate layer light-colored and white back, without wood fibers
(GC1) or with back Manila (GC2).

Cardboard chromo GC1: multilayer cardboard, double coated on the face and simple coated on the back. Presents stiffness, degree of white and lightness very high due to the open colored back, coated, type GC1, and the performance coating of the face and the very smooth surface. Suitable for offset plan, including the polychromy, etching, flexography, screen printing, lamination, varnishing, embossing, application of metallic foil. .

Cardboard chromo GC2: multilayer cardboard, double coated on one face, with a very good stiffness. it has a natural color with a high degree of white and brightness due to the open colored back, type GC2 and the coating performance, and also the very smooth surface.

Cellulose: The basic element of the cell walls of all the plants All plants contain tissue that, properly processed, will produce cellulose. Raw cotton contains 91% natural cellulose in its purest form. Other sources of paper manufacturing are hemp (77% cellulose), wood soft or hard (57% to 65% cellulose).

Cellulose (chemical pulp): Raw material for paper making fibers consisting of cellulose, obtained by a boiling process chemical (sulfur method).

Cicero (pica) unit of measurement to the typographic industry, equivalent to 12 points print (4.5 mm).

Circulation: The number of copies ordered by the customer to be printed.

Circulation of damage: Number of copies (circulation less than normal) that the client accepts it if there were technical problems beyond the control of both parties.

Chalk paper: semi-transparent paper that allows light to pass through it, being a cheaper substitute for the film in terms of conventional plate mounting.

Character: The type font that is used.

Chromalin Correction: chemical sample polychrome printing. Shows approximately the look of the final product printed on paper with very smooth surface (coated, satin). In case of printing on uncoated paper, the tones will be different from those that appear on chromalin correction.

CMYK: Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black. The four basic colors that are used in polychromic print. In DTP, represents one of the ranges of standard colors, the others being: HSB, PMS and RGB.

Coated paper: Basis paper that has been coated with a film consisting essentially of glue and binders that improve the quality of the paper surface.

Coating by pressing: technical application in which the film coating is pressed by a cylinder plated with highly polished chrome. The result is a high degree of gloss.

Cover: Part of a coil pack that protects the sides of it.

Cover: Cardboard cover of different types which covers the book block (inside the book).

Coldset: printing method that uses cold print, using the proper ink and drying through evaporation and absorption.

Collection: The method by which sheets are gathered in the fold, thus creating a finished product of several sheets with the help of the gather.

Color Cast: Picture test in which the ink covers the entire surface of printing paper to check the pressure and the lubrication level of the waves.

Color saturation: The degree of density of color that can have a printed surface. Color brightness is high in paper with a smooth surface and low in irregular paper surface as uncoated paper. This occurs because the ink gets deeper into uncoated paper. It represents colors nature in terms of density. A color with great saturation will have high densitometry values compared with a color that has a low saturation.

Color separation: preparation for printing of graphics, photos or graphics created on computer in four basic colors (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black).

Color separation: The process of preparing pages that must be printed through separation in the four primary colors used in the printing industry, of which the images are created.

Contrast / blackening – measuring the intensity of color on a printed surface.

Copy: Any material made by the production process in a printing company.

Copy frame: printing machinery that is used to exposure to the bright ultraviolet light the printing plates.

Counter: Part of a printing machine used to count the copies printed.

Cream Book: book paper that is pigment (usually creamy-yellow color) with a special quality, with uniform surface and good opacity.

Crowded cardboard: Cardboard multilayer consists of an upper layer of bleached cellulose, with the middle and lower layers of recycled fibers. The lower layer from the back of the cardboard can be covered with another layer of bleached cellulose or not, as appropriate. In Europe, the crowded cardboard is called duplex cardboard.

CTF (computer-to-film): The method by which the computer file is translated into a photographic film. This film is used to make the image on the conventional printing plate in a frame copied.

CTP (computer-to-plate) technology used in the printing process in which an image created in a DTP application (desktop publishing) is exposed directly onto a printing plate by laser. CTP software has several advantages over the conventional method of exposing the plates. In the CTP, the entire process of image transfer from the film on the printing plate is removed from the printing process, increasing sharpness and detail.

Cut-off: The distance measured around the cylinder cutter (cutting) of a rebate web press printing machines, which sets the repeatable length of a printing sheet or of an image.

Cyan: One of the basic colors used in printing. It reflects blue and green and absorbs red.

D

DCS: Desktop Color Separation – color separation process used in the program Quark.

Densitometer: quality control device that measures the density of the polymer on a printing plate and the density of the ink from a print.

Density: 1. Method for measuring the compactness paper. Density is calculated mathematically as the ratio of the weight and thickness of paper.

Development: a shift of the printing plates through a solution which corrodes the polymer on the plate exposed to light, thus leaving only the desired image on the plate.

Dezinsert: Separation of a printed section from another, both sections being printed and added together.

Double Coated Paper (DCL, DCM): Paper with a high degree of finish on both sides; occurs in glossy and matte version. Is used generally for covers, advertisements, catalogs, publications, art, calendars, flyers, leaflets, folders, brochures, magazines. It has an extremely high degree of white and a very good finish.

Doubling: Printing error manifested by the appearance of “shadows” of lower intensity near the printed image.

DTP (desktop publishing): Creating on a computer the document that must be published. Users create page layouts with text, graphics, photography and other visual elements using software such as QuarkXPress, Adobe In Design, Microsoft Publisher, Apple Pages, etc..

Duplex board with white back (GT): Chromo cardboard with glossy-white face, coated and glossy back of pulp and recycled paper pulp, bleached. Cardboard multilayers, with high density, double coated face and white back.

Duplex cardboard: Cardboard multilayer coated on one side, with gray back, GD2 and GD3 type. Duplex cardboard type GD2 and GD3, laminated, made from bleached pulp and recycled paper pulp, with bleached face and gray back. It was designed to ensure high efficiency of the printing and conversion processes, with minimal loss and waste.

Durability: The ability to keep the paper physical properties in accordance with international standard ISO 9706.

E

Emboss: Method of forming an image through press in relief of paper or cardboard. It is also known as “embossing”.

Engraving: Process by which the print image is engraved on a metal plate attached to a cylinder. It is rotated and impregnated with ink and sections that do not contain image are washed. The paper is pressed between two of these cylinders.

Exposure: The process by which a printing plate is exposed to a high light intensity, so that the image is printed on that plate.

F

Facsimile transmission: The sending of graphic images using an electronic device (fax).

Fiber direction: The direction in which most fibers lie in a finite sheet of paper. Their alignment is parallel to the direction in which the paper passes through the machine that produces paper. The papers are better folded in the direction of fibers.

Fillers: Substances additive plus paper and cardboard, like chalk or glue.

Film: transparent foil which allows light to pass through it.

Flag: The title of a newspaper as it appears at the top of the first page.

Flap: Extending the width of the cover so that the excess width of the book blocks to be folded inward.

Flexography: Method of printing made by rotating press, through which the image is transferred on the paper using plates and fast drying inks.

Flyer: small print (usually half of A5), brought to the desired size by cutting with the guillotine.

Foil: metallic or colored coating, in sheets or rolls, used in the printing and embossing process.

Folding: The action of folding the paper or the cardboard.  It is also used at the process of folding the printing plates so that they can be attached to the printing machine.

Folio: the lower portion of a printed page that contains its number.

Folio and emboss: Method of printing an image in relief on a surface without using ink, but a colored foil which is heat pressed.

Format: product size (length and width). In addition to the formats listed below exists also intermediate forms, made according to customer requirements and possibilities of printing machinery. The main formats are: A0 (841 x 1189), B0 (1000 x 1414), A1 (594 x 841), B1 (707 x 1000), A2 (420 x 594), B2 (500 x 707), A3 (297 x 420), B3 (353 x 500), A4 (210 x 297), B4 (250 x 353), A5 (148 x 210), B5 (176 x 250).

Forzat: the paper or cardboard used to the bounded book that is glued to the back cover and the first and last pages of the book block.

Fraction: Package newspapers linked and labeled, having a ticket amount.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) standard method of transferring files using an Internet connection. FTP allows transferring files between different computers with data storage.

Full color printing (full polychrome): Method of printing that combines the four basic colors or thereof derivatives, to create a final image.

G

Gamut: A measurement used in the printing industry, printing equivalent to 10 points (3.76 mm).

Gray Scale: Scale of values of brightness to evaluate the shadows. Very often, the term is used to refer to scanners as a measure of their ability to reproduce halftone images.

Groove: attached mechanism to the printing equipment through which is realized the cut of the paper in the form of printing sheet and its folding into the desired shape.

Guillotine: Machine equipped with a knife used for cutting, preparation and finishing of printed materials.

H

Halftone: Image reproduced by changing the original tone into a pattern of dots of different sizes. Bright areas contain points of small dimensions and the dark or shady areas – big points.

Heatset: printing method using suitable ink and drying through oven.

Homogeneous Cardboard: Cardboard composed of one or more layers made from the same material, such as pure cellulose or other type. Frequently it is used as an alternative the term of solid cardboard.

I

Inkpot: a tank from a printing machine containing printing ink of a certain color.

Ink wave: cylinder with tubular or solid metallic core, with rubber surface or not, with various diameters and hardness, used in the acquisition, transportation, standardization and application of ink on the printing form. There are several types: duct wave, power supply wave, intermediate wave (transfer), rub wave (main and auxiliary) and ink form wave (wave from the plate).

Insert: A print ready to be inserted in a publication or in another print.

ISBN (International Standard Book Number): Number of reference given to each book (published both in traditional format and in electronic format) to the possibility of identifying the place and time of its appearance. Usually it is found on the back cover. In Romania, the ISBN is provided by the National Library, at the request of the publisher.

ISO (International Standards Organization): Organization that sets most of the world standards.

ISSN (International Standard Serial Number): Number of reference given to each periodical publication (newspapers, magazines, etc., edited in either traditional or electronic format) to the possibility of identifying the place and time of their occurrence. It is usually founded in the editorial box. In Romania, ISSN is granted by the National Library at the request of the publisher.

J

Jacket: coating of cardboard or paper, placed over the cardboard cover of a book.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) compressed graphical format, designed to give high resolution pictures.

K

Kerning: The adjustment of space between certain pairs of letters such as A and V, to achieve a more pleasing appearance.

L

Lacquer: clear liquid applied to the printed surface to protect it. Gives a more pleasing print.

Lacquered paper: paper coated with a solid coating, of which surface provides a very close reproduction of the original image.

Laminated: bonding a layer of paper, of a celluloid etc. on a cardboard to give a beautiful look.

Laminating: Application on a sheet of paper or paperboard, of a transparent plastic film by hot pressing in order to protect and to achieve a glossy or matte finish.

Leaflet: Printing product of small dimensions containing maximum a sheet, made by folding pages in desired shape.

Legend: descriptive matter printed at the bottom of an image, with reference to it. The term refers also to explain the signs and / or symbols used in tables or maps.

Linen: Area bounded by the size of a page and its mirror.

Linotype: printing machine that collects and pours points in the plot line by pressing certain keys. – From Fr. Linotype.

Lithography: Method of printing in which initially were used flat molds of stone on which the image that would printed absorbed the ink, and areas that were not intended to be printed attract water. Printing plates used now are chemically treated so that in the areas that need to be printed, the ink to adhere and the water not.

Losses accepted: numerical or percentage, these losses are set through contract and represent the number of prints necessary for the adjustment.

M

Magenta: One of the basic colors used in printing. Reflects red and blue light and absorbs green light. It is often confused with red.

Magnifier assembly: Object used to check a printed image, a printing plate or a film.

Mapping: Operation by which publications are divided on the destination route being previously labeled and packaged.

Mechanical cellulose:  raw material for paper industry, consisting of fibers that were released by mechanical means.

Metallic Ink: Ink for printing that produces an effect of gold, silver, bronze and other metallic colors.

Milled cellulose: mechanical cellulose manufactured in a grind with presses, in which the logs are milled by a “stone” with a very rough surface.

Mirror page: Area within a page in which text appears.

Moisture content: Weight of water in wet the material to the total weight of the material.

Moisture meter: Device that measures the amount of water in a paper for the printing quality assessment by performing the ratio between the total weight of the printing and the weight of the support on which is printed.

Mounting: Single image formed by assembling multiple images.

Multilayer cardboard: Cardboard composed of several layers: upper, middle and bottom.

N

Negative: Images from a movie that makes the white areas to be black and the black areas to be white.

Nonpareil: A measurement used in the printing industry, equivalent to 6 printing points (2.25 mm).

Notebook: Part of a newspaper, usually having between 4 and 32 pages, individual itself, and with one or more notebooks makes up a complete newspaper.

O

OCR Paper: Paper for optical character recognition, characterized by a high degree of purity.

Offset Paper: Uncoated paper surface and sometimes irregular, generally used to print books.

Offset printing: printing method in which printing the image on paper is not made directly from the plate on the paper, but through a rubber that takes the image in negative and applies it in positive on the paper.

Overlay: Operation through which colors sits on top of each other taking as guide overlap signs so that the image is clear and to not appear double.

Overprint: Printing on an area already printed. The method is used to emphasize changes in image or text.

P

Packaging Paper: the industrial packaging paper is a Kraft paper, produced from primary fiber unbleached. It is smooth, 100% unbleached pulp, tear-resistant. It is used for wrapping, coating, cover, bags, etc. the color is usually natural brown.

Pagination: numbering the pages of a newspaper, of a book or any printed products that require the numbering.

Pallet: Stack packed in paper or cardboard. Can include a floor of wood, metal or plastic on which are stacked printed materials.

Pantone Code: Color system with over 1,200 shades created by Pantone Inc. Company.

Paper empty timber: paper that does not contain mechanical fibers, so all types of paper containing more than 90% chemical cellulose.

Paper “endless” :paper wrapped on a roll (opposite the paper sheets).

Paper label: paper coated on one side, containing no wood and no chlorine.
Label paper is divided as follows:
- Standard label paper
- Waterproof paper label
- Waterproof paper label and alkali
The paper label is made from wood pulp-free to ensure a good surface uniformity and a high degree of white.

Paper LWC (Light Weight Coated) paper coated with smaller basic weight and content of wood.

Paper material: original material for papermaking. It is composed of fibers and additives dissolved in water.

Paste “at fixed point”: Paste operation of a promotional in a box established by printing on a page, executed with glue or silicone.

Petit: A measure in the printing industry, equivalent to 8 points printing (3 mm).

pH meter: the meter that indicates the pH of a solution (acid, neutral or alkaline character of  a solution).

Photo: Process printing in which the image is engraved on a cylinder plan. The advantages of this method of printing are high speed and large circulations. It is mainly used for printing magazines.

Pigment: a component of printing ink that changes the color of reflected light as a result of selective color absorption. Therefore, the pigment has a certain specific color which is transmitted to the materials in which component is found.

Plan printing: printing with sheet-fed.

Plasticizing: Operation of applying at high temperature a plastic foil over the cardboard or paper surface.

Plate (matrix) of paper: offset printing plate for short runs on which the collected material can be printed directly.

PMS: Pantone Color Matching Abbreviated Name System.

Point printing: Basics of an image equal to 0.376 mm.Using a magnifying glass, you can see that printed images are formed in many ways.

Polychrome: Print executed using all the basic colors (color printing).

Polymer (photopolymer): micron layer, sensitive to light, which is found on one side of the plate.

Polypropylene tape: thermo sensitive tape used on by a machine of packaging for binding the packages with printings.

Porosity: The degree of compactness of the fibers of paper, which is increased in case of satin paper and decreased in case of paper that is not satin.

Prepress: Term used in printing or publishing industry to define processes and procedures that are used at the receipt of the text until the exposure of the plates to be mounted in the press.

Pressing: Step into the binding process. After being sewn, the sheets are pressed to remove the air.

Primary colors: blue, red and yellow. Mixed with black in varying degrees, they allow the reproduction of all other colors.

Print: Putting an image and / or text on paper.

Print “double parallel”: printing system in A5 format through which are printed two parallel printing sheets both having 16 pages.

Printer: graphic printing and art printing specialist.

Print in sheet: printing press that prints on sheets of paper, not on paper in rolls.

Print sheet : Term used to refer to the printed copy,  delimited by the length and width of paper in case of cardboard or of the print in sheet  and respectively by  the width of paper roll and the folding cut-off  in case of  rotary printing. A printing sheet has 32 pages A5, 16 pages A4, 8 pages A3 (tabloid), 4 pages A2 (broadsheet).

Print “the fourth” Print in A4 format.

Print tower: Assembly of printing units stacked vertically (two, three or four groups). Recently, two printing units are built in a module.

Printing plate: metal stand of different sizes, with a polymer on one side, on which the text that has to be printed is exposed (matrix). Can be analog or CTP.

Printing Pressure: the pressure level between the printing rubber and the paper (cardboard), which leads to printing.

Printing process: All operations are realized to print images on paper.

Printing support: material on which is used the print (cardboard, paper, foil, metal, etc.).

Printing unit: Part of a printing machine in which printing is produced (on one side or both sides). If the printing unit is part of a flat printing machine, printing is made only on one side, and if part of a rotating, two-sided printing is done.

Prisoas: Semi-finished or finished product made in addition to circulation to compensate further losses in the production process.

Punching: 1. cutting the image created on paper or cardboard in the final form. 2. Drilling the printing plates so that they can be put in printing equipment for better overlap.

Q

Quadrate: unit of measure equivalent to 48 printing points (18 mm).

R

Raster: Point done by decomposition of color. An image is composed of several raster points.

Recto: The right hand pages of an open book.

Reelstand: Device for supporting the shaft passing through a roll of coil. Most often contains also the braking system and compensation system. It is also called the roll stand. It can be on one level, two, three or four.

Refinish: Method of work on graphics or color separation, performed to correct mistakes or to increase the quality of image.

RGB (Red, Green, and Blue) primary colors also called additive color used by monitors. From the combination and intensity of these colors it can be reproduced the entire spectrum.

RIP (Raster Image Processor) method to print negatives from PostScript files created by DTP. Hardware and software produce data conversion stored in computer in a series of lines and dots, which are exposed on film or printing plates.

Removing basic shade: pigment ink reduction in neutral gray and black tones with CMYK separation. An increase of the proportion of black offset compensates this reduction. The advantage is to obtain a thin layer of ink, which means less dirt at printing and less time of drying.

Reprint: The use of old plates, washed and checked in advance to make a publication that has been printed before.

Resolution: Property relating to the quality of the obtained material. Is given in dpi (dots per inch). As the number of points is higher, the picture is clearer.

Retouching pencil (correction pencil): Pencil containing a substance which dissolves the photopolymer on the printing plate, thereby eliminating areas that are not intended to be printed.

Rotary: printing machinery consists of printing units which uses rolls of paper, this being cut and folded in sheets by a rebate (folder).

Route: The route traveled until the destination at which the printed products must be supplied.

Route: The movement of paper strips from the coil through each color group of the printing machine.

Rubber: a thin layer of rubber from a printing machine that transfers ink from the printing plate on paper.

Running title: the upper portion of a printed page which usually contains title or chapter.

S

Sample: material or finished product representing the benchmark for any reprints.

Satin: Method of manufacturing paper, in which it is passed and pressed through waves to get an improved texture and smooth surface.

Screen Angles: The angles at which half-tone, two-tones, three-tones and color separation of the printing films are placed to the right show.

Screen printing: Burning used to print on a wide variety of materials such as paper, cardboard, plastic, glass, metals, fabrics, etc.. Among the products that can be printed by screen printing are included posters, labels, decals, signage and all types of textile and printed circuit boards. The advantage of marking process through screen printing is that the press can print on substrates of any shape, thickness and size. An important feature of the burning through screen printing is the high viscosity of the ink that can be applied to the substrate compared to other printing methods.

Screen printing process: Process that uses window (image carrier), squeegee and ink to make the burning through screen printing. It uses a porous mesh stretched perfectly over a metal frame. Appropriate voltage is essential to print the desired colors. A pattern is produced on the window either manually or photochemical. The ink used in screen printing is applied to the substrate by placing the window over the material. This is then passed through the sieve openings using a squeegee which is moved over the window. Ink will pass only those areas where no print is applied, thus forming an image on the substrate.

Setting: Operation in which all the processes of printing, stitching, lamination, etc. are implemented according to the finished product to meet required quality standard.

Sheet “at hand”: Term used in binding of books to designate 16 pages A5 or 16 pages A4

Shop: publication format used mainly in magazines (A4).

Spacing: Introducing gaps between the letters of a word to modify length or to improve the appearance of the row.

Spine: Part of a book representing the part where binding of the printing sheets takes place by stitching, sewing or stapling.

Spot color: Name used in printing when, in addition to black ink, is also used a different color (base or Pantone code) to create a visual effect.

SRA: A series of paper sizes included in the ISO series, larger than the A series, giving the printer a little extra space for cutting.

Stacker: Equipment used to overlay a predefined number of printed pages, counted in advance, and to eliminate them as a package in order to be linked.

Stamping: metal knife mounted on a wooden board used to cut the image printed on a sheet of paper or cardboard in the desired shape.

Staple: The method of binding in which the sheets folded in the middle are caught on the outside to the inside with metal staples. Usually, such a beam does not contain more than 96 pages.

Straight: The method by which sheets are not collected in rebate, but are released one by one with no collector (“direct” method).

Stereotype: flat or semi-cylindrical plate, cast of metal, molded in rubber or in another plastic material, representing the reproduction of the text or of a cliché and used as a form for printing editions of a work of large circulation.

Stereotyping: plant or breeding and multiplication process of a printing form, through casting in a metal or molding in rubber or another plastic material of a copy of this form; printing form obtained by stereotype.

Suction: Rubber con, vacuumed, used to transport the sheets in printing machines.

Supplement: Part of a finished product that is printed separately, but comes with the product.

T

Tabloid: generic name of British origin used to designate a small newspaper (A3).

Tapes: printed band from cardboard or paper, used through binding like ring form, around a printed finished product

Tax: Pages positioning for printing to fall in the correct order.

Technological Sheet: List we are introduced all technical features for the manufacture of a product: format, number of pages, paper type, finishing method, etc. Sheet passes from one sector of production in another, once with the progress of implementation of the work.

Text: written and printed material that forms the content of a publication.

Text in the mirror: represents the text printed upside down on a film or chalk support, so that it can be used in printing plate exposure, so the image on the plate can be printed in positive.

Thermal Paper: Paper coated on one side, thermo sensitive, used for printing text and images on fax machines, thermo printers thermo plotters.

Tone: Traces (streaks) of ink on the printing support (paper, cardboard) due to poor wetting or a water pH under appropriate rules (5.5).

Top: Set of 500 sheets of paper.

Transparent ink (transparent white) type of ink that does not cover the color below it, which is used for realizing color shades.

Trapping: The ability to print with an ink over another.

Trim: Cutting the printed paper at the correct size. Signs of cutting are found on the printed sheets to indicate the place where the cutting will be made.

Typographic sock: textile-shaped sleeve mounted on a cylinder of rubber, used in the dampening system at the transfer of dampening solution to the plate.

U

UV lacquer: laminated liquid applied and treated with ultraviolet light.

UV lamp: Electric lamp that emits light in the ultraviolet spectrum used in the printing plate exposure systems.

V

Varnishing: Method of finishing, in which a transparent varnish is applied to the printed sheet to obtain a shiny appearance.

Volumetric paper: offset paper or paper volume is used especially for books, brochures, manuals, books etc.. Due to high volume, it may be reduced from 10% to 20% of weight of the book. The paper maintains the look and transmits the same feeling as heavier papers.

W

Waste Paper: paper scraps that remain from the production process and can not be used in production, being thereby packed for recycling.

Watermark: The image created by pressing, to form the paper through pressing, in the wet section of paper making machines; can be seen as holding the sheet in the light.

Waterproof Paper: Chemically treated papers, strong enough to rupture or disintegration when saturated with water.

Waxed paper: Paper nearly empty of wood which is with paraffin, or mixture of wax, paraffin or plastic.

Web press: printing machines that use paper rolls.

Webs (roll) packaged in the form of rolled paper, used in rotary printing.

Weight: The weight in grams per square meter of paper or paperboard. It is also called basic weight.

Wetting: the essential procedure of the offset printing by which is realized the mixing proportion of ink with water.

White Grade: Property determined visually, characterized by high brightness, high light diffusion and minimal color.

X

Xerography: Print method used to reproduce images and documents through a layer of photosensitive material.

Xylography: printing process that uses clichés engraved in wood.